@xahlee@noagendasocial.com Are you familiar with electrical resistance? Thermal resistance is closely analogous - you have a fixed "current" (watts of power to dissipate), and then you have several resistances (measured in °C/W) in series between it and the ambient air. Add a longer heat conductor and you're adding to that resistance, so the °C difference between the CPU and the ambient air increases in proportion. Dunno if they're the level you want but see https://www.electronics-cooling.com/1995/06/how-to-select-a-heat-sink/ and https://www.sparkfun.com/tutorials/314